Hanuman

Hanuman, the monkey god in the Indian epic Ramayana, is the son of Vaqu, the wind god, and a celestial singer banished to earth as a monkey. He possesses four faces and eight arms, a monkey's head and a human body, and is brave, intelligent, and incredibly powerful, earning him the title of Hindu god of war. He rescued Sita, the wife of Prince Rama of Ayodhya, and fought a great battle against the demon Ravana. Hanuman, riding the clouds, burned down Lanka, stole sacred herbs, and ultimately helped Rama defeat his powerful enemy and rescue Sita.

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Hanuman efficacy

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Hanuman Legend

Furthermore, Hanuman was a god with a voracious appetite. One day, Hanuman saw the sun hanging in the sky and mistook it for a golden fruit. Using the flying skills taught to him by his father, Chuva, he leaped up to try and catch it, but Hanuman followed the sun closely and had to escape. In desperation, Indra attacked the monkey god with his lightning. Hanuman's father, Chuva, witnessed everything that happened, and Hanuman had no choice but to fall back to the ground.

But his father, in his rage, rushed into the bodies of the gods and tormented them with intense pain. Finally, Indra made peace with Vachu and granted Hanuman immortality.

In another myth about Hanuman, Rama granted the monkey general immortality as a token of gratitude. After defeating the demon king, Rama offered to grant Hanuman all his wishes, only requesting to live as long as humans talked about Rama's deeds, and that Rama's name live forever in people's hearts. The fourth chapter of the Ramayana, the Book of the Monkey Kingdom, recounts that Rama encountered King Sugaliva of the Monkey Kingdom while searching for Sita. Sugaliva had been usurped by the usurper Bali, who had taken his throne and wife. Rama and the monkey god Hanuman helped Sugaliva kill Bali and reclaim his throne. Sugaliva, now king of the Monkey Kingdom, agreed to help Rama find his wife Sita, as described in the Ramayana.

In the fifth chapter of the Ramayana, the Book of Hanuman, Sukriti sends Hanuman to find Sita. Hanuman travels south to the Indian Ocean. He possesses the ability to cross the Indian Ocean, but due to a curse, he has forgotten this ability. Encouraged by others, he regains his memory, crosses the Indian Ocean, and finds Sita on the island of Lanka. Hanuman discovers that Sita is imprisoned in the palace of Ravana, the demon king. He demands that Ravana release Sita, or he will be punished by Rama. Ravana is furious and wants to execute Hanuman. However, persuaded by his brother Vipassana, who believes that the messenger should not be executed, Hanuman orders his demon minions to set Hanuman's tail on fire. Hanuman, with his burning tail, flies out of his cage, crosses the entire island of Lanka, and causes a great fire that burns down the city, yet he himself is unharmed. He then returns to report to Rama. Rama, Lakshman, and Hanuman then travel south together to rescue Sita, reaching the edge of the Indian Ocean.

Sun Wukong, originating from Hanuman, is not only one of the roots of Indian culture but also has had a significant influence on Southeast Asian cultures. Java, Bali, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos all have epics about Rama or similar to the Ramayana, and some temples contain murals depicting Rama battling the demon king. The earliest version of the Chinese classic *Journey to the West* also shows the image of Sun Wukong, the "Monkey King," influenced by the image of Hanuman.

In Hindu mythology, Hanuman studied under Brahma (also known as the Four-Faced God), one of the three principal Hindu gods. He possessed the ability to fly and transform himself in countless ways. After consuming dragon pearl powder, he gained an indestructible body. His weapon was simply a staff. Some scholars studying Chinese mythology believe that the Monkey King Sun Wukong's golden cudgel and seventy-two transformations in *Journey to the West* are similar to those of Hanumanism, and that the character of Sun Wukong himself is derived from the Hindu monkey god Hanuman.

Chinese mythologist Hu Shih believed that the Monkey King Sun Wukong in "Journey to the West" was modeled after Hanuman. He said, "I have always suspected that this powerful monkey is not a domestic product, but an import from India. Perhaps even the myth of Wuzhiqi was influenced by India and imitated."

He further stated, " Following the guidance of Dr. Gang and Tai, I found Hanuman in the oldest Indian epic poem, the *Ramayana*, who can probably be considered the silhouette of the Monkey King." With the eastward transmission of Indian Buddhism to China, the episode of the Battle of Lanka in the *Ramayana*, where Hanuman wreaks havoc in the Ashoka Garden, was adapted into the story of Sun Wukong's havoc in Heaven in *Journey to the West*. Chen Yinque and Ji Xianlin both agreed with Hu Shi's view.